AYO
BELAJAR CONJUNCTIONS (KATA HUBUNG)BAHASA
INGGRIS
A conjunction is a word that connects other words or groups of words.
In the sentence Bob
and Dan are friends the conjunction and connects two nouns and in the sentence He will drive or fly,
the conjunction or connects two verbs. In the sentence It is early but we can go, the conjunction but connects
two groups of words. Coordinating conjunctions are conjunctions which connect two equal parts of a sentence. The most common ones are and, or, but, and so which are used in the following ways:
and is used to join or add words together in the sentence They ate and drank.
or is used to show choice or possibilities as in the sentence He will be here on Monday or Tuesday.
but is used to show opposite or conflicting ideas as in the sentence She is small but strong.
so is used to show result as in the sentence I was tired so I went to sleep.
Subordinating conjunctions connect two parts of a sentence that are not equal and will be discussed more in another class. For now, you should know some of the more common subordinating conjunctions such as:
after before unless
although if until
as since when
because than while
Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that work together. In the sentence Both Jan and Meg are good swimmers, both . . .and are correlative conjunctions. The most common correlative conjunctions are:
both . . .and
either . . . or
neither . . . nor
not only . . . but also
For complete explanations as the following:
You use a co-ordinating conjunction
("and," "but," "or," "nor,"
"for," "so," or "yet") to join individual words,
phrases, and independent clauses. Note that you can also use
the conjunctions "but" and "for" as prepositions.
In the
following sentences, each of the highlighted words
is a co-ordinating conjunction:
Lilacs and violets are
usually purple.
In this
example, the co-ordinating conjunction "and" links two nouns.
This movie is particularly
interesting to feminist film theorists, for the screenplay was written
by Mae West.
In this
example, the co-ordinating conjunction "for" is used to link two
independent clauses.
Daniel's uncle claimed that he spent
most of his youth dancing on rooftops and swallowing goldfish.
Here the
co-ordinating conjunction "and" links two participle phrases ("dancing on
rooftops" and "swallowing goldfish") which act as adverbs describing the verb "spends."
A subordinating conjunction
introduces a dependent clause and indicates the nature of the
relationship among the independent clause(s) and the dependent clause(s).
The most
common subordinating conjunctions are "after," "although,"
"as," "because," "before," "how,"
"if," "once," "since," "than,"
"that," "though," "till," "until,"
"when," "where," "whether," and
"while."
Each of the highlighted
words in the following sentences is a subordinating conjunction:
After she had learned to drive, Alice
felt more independent.
The
subordinating conjunction "after" introduces the dependent clause
"After she had learned to drive."
If the paperwork arrives on time, your cheque will be
mailed on Tuesday.
Similarly,
the subordinating conjunction "if" introduces the dependent clause
"If the paperwork arrives on time."
Gerald had to begin his thesis over
again when his computer crashed.
The
subordinating conjunction "when" introduces the dependent clause
"when his computer crashed."
Midwifery advocates argue that home
births are safer because the mother and baby are exposed to fewer people
and fewer germs.
In this
sentence, the dependent clause "because the mother and baby are exposed to
fewer people and fewer germs" is introduced by the subordinating
conjunction "because."
Correlative conjunctions always appear in pairs -- you use them to link
equivalent sentence elements. The most common correlative conjunctions are
"both...and," "either...or," "neither...nor,",
"not only...but also," "so...as," and
"whether...or." (Technically correlative conjunctions consist simply
of a co-ordinating conjunction linked to an adjective or adverb.)
The highlighted
words in the following sentences are correlative conjunctions:
Both my grandfather and my father
worked in the steel plant.
In this
sentence, the correlative conjunction "both...and" is used to link
the two noun phrases that act as the compound subject of the sentence: "my
grandfather" and "my father".
Bring either a Jello salad or
a potato scallop.
Here the
correlative conjunction "either...or" links two noun phrases: "a
Jello salad" and "a potato scallop."
Corinne is trying to decide whether
to go to medical school or to go to law school.
Similarly,
the correlative conjunction "whether ... or" links the two infinitive phrases "to go to medical
school" and "to go to law school."
The explosion destroyed not only
the school but also the neighbouring pub.
In this
example the correlative conjunction "not only ... but also" links the
two noun phrases ("the school" and "neighbouring pub")
which act as direct objects.
