DAFTAR LABELKU (klik saja jangan ragu-ragu)

Senin, 16 Januari 2012

Explanation Text

Have you ever wondered how people get chocolate from? In this article we will enter the amazing world of chocolate so you can understand exactly what you are eating.
       Chocolate starts with a tree called the cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in places such as South America, Africa and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pineapple. Inside the fruit are the tree’s seed, also known as cocoa beans.
       The beans are fermented about a week, dried in the sun and then shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavour, so they are often sorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix. Next, the roasted beans are winnowed. Winnowing removes the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then, the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is also called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat, and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs form liquid. It’s pure bitter chocolate.

  1. The text is about …..
A.    the cacao tree
B.     the cacao beans
C.     the raw chocolate
D.    the making of chocolate
E.     the flavour of chocolate

  1. The third paragraph focuses on …..
A.    the process of producing chocolate
B.     how to produce the cocoa flavour
C.     where chocolate comes from
D.    the chocolate liquor
E.     the cacao fruit

  1. ….. so they are often sorted and blended to produce ….. (par. 3)
The underlined word is close in meaning to …..
A.    arranged
B.     combined
C.     separated
D.    distributed
E.     organized

  1. How does the chocolate maker start to make chocolate?
A.    By fermenting the beans
B.     By roasting the beans
C.     By blending the beans
D.    By sorting the beans
E.     By drying the beans

This text is for questions 5 to 8.

       Wood chipping is a process used to obtain pulp and paper products from the forest. The wood chipping process begins when the trees are cut down in a selected area of the forest called a couple.
       Next, the top and branches of the trees are cut out and the logs are taken to the mill. At the mill, the bark of the logs is removed and the logs are taken to a chipper, which cut them into small pieces called woodchips. The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and other impurities. At this stage, they are either exported in this form or made into pulp by chemicals and heat. The pulp is then bleached and the water content is removed.
       Finally, the pulp is rolled out to make paper.

  1. The text describes the process of …..
A.    cutting down the forest
B.     producing woodchips
C.     paper making
D.    wood chipping
E.     reforestation

  1. What do the mill workers first do with the logs?
A.    They export the woodchips.
B.     They cut the wood into pieces.
C.     They roll out the paper.
D.    They remove the bark.
E.     They screen the logs.

  1. At this stage, they are either exported ….. (par. 2)
The underlined words refer to …..
A.    logs
B.     pulp
C.     processed pulp
D.    raw woodchips
E.     clean woodchips

  1. The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and other impurities.
In other words, they are …..
A.    repaired
B.     cleaned
C.     moved
D.    removed
E.     processed

This text is for questions 9 to 12.

      Rain always comes from clouds. But where do clouds come from? How does all the water get into the sky?
       Think about your bathroom. There is hot water in your bath. Steam goes up from the hot water. The steam makes small clouds in the bathroom. These warm clouds meet the cold walls and windows, and then we see small drops of water on the walls and windows.

       The world is like your bathroom. The water in the ocean is warm when the sun shines on it. Some of this water goes up into the sky and makes clouds. The wind carries the clouds for hundreds of kilometers. The clouds meet the cold air in the sky, so we will see drops of water. The drops of water are rain.
       The rain falls and runs into rivers. Rivers run into oceans. And the water from oceans changes into clouds and becomes rain. So water is always moving from oceans to clouds to rain to river to oceans.

  1. The text describes …..
A.    how rain falls
B.     what steam is
C.     the formation of rain
D.    the changing of clouds to rain
E.     how the steam changes into clouds

  1. Which of the following is the right sequence in the formation of rain?
A.    cloud-rain-water-steam
B.     steam-cloud-rain-water
C.     water-steam-cloud-rain
D.    rain-steam-cloud-water
E.     water-cloud-steam-rain

  1. In what way is the world like your bathroom?
A.    In their function
B.     In how to make the water hot
C.     In changing the water into rain
D.    In the sequence of their formation
E.     In the formation of small drops of water

  1. What will happen if the clouds carried by the wind meet the cold air in the sky?
It will become …..
A.    drops of water
B.     heavy rain
C.     cold water
D.    floods
E.     clouds

This text is for questions 13 to 15

       The United States of America is where the Venus’s fly trap has its origins. It is a unique plant. It belongs to a group of plants called ‘carnivorous plants’. These plants feed on insects. It has a special mechanism by which it traps its prey. This is how it works.
       At the end of each leaf – which grows from the base of a long, flowering stalk – there is a trap. The trap is made up of two lobes and is covered with short, reddish hairs which are sensitive. There are teeth like structures around the edge of the lobes.
       The trap contains nectar which attracts insects. When an insect comes in contact with the nectar, the trap snaps shut. There are certain digestive juices inside the trap which digest the insects. It takes about ten days for a trap insect to be digested. We can tell when this digestion is complete, for then the walls automatically open to wait for another victim.
       There are about two hundred species of carnivorous plants. Another kind of these well known species is the pitcher plant. What differentiates this plant from the Venus’s fly trap is the shape; the mechanism to catch insects is the same in both plants.
       The pitcher plants are climbing plants which cling to other plants by means of tendrils. At one end of the tendril, there is a pitcher-shaped vessel with an open lid. The mouth and the lid of the pitcher contain glands which produce nectar to attract insects. When an insect settles on the nectar, the lid of the pitcher shuts, trapping its victim. The digestive juices inside the pitcher then begin to work.

  1. The purpose of the text is ….
A.    to tell a dangerous plant
B.     to describe a kind of carnivorous plants
C.     to explain the processes of trapping an insect
D.    to persuade the readers to avoid carnivorous plants
E.     to inform readers about two hundred species of carnivorous plants

  1. What are the carnivorous plants regarded as?
They are regarded as …. plants to some insects.
A.    poisonous
B.     dangerous
C.     beneficial
D.    attractive
E.     sensitive

  1. Both of plants have nectars which are used to ….. insects.
A.    attract
B.     digest
C.     catch
D.    trap
E.     kill

This text is for questions 16 to 18

How Planes Fly
      A plane needs air pressure under their wings to stay up in the air. As they move forward, the higher air pressure underneath their wings pushes them upward and gives them lift.
       The smooth, streamlined shape of the plane allows air to fly easily over its surface. This helps to reduce the drag caused by the air pushing against the plane and allows it to move rapidly through the air.
       Planes move forward using engines. This movement is called thrust. Moving forward keeps a stream of moving air passing over the wings, which allows the plane to stay up in the air. If the engines fail, the plane will begin to descent very quickly.
       The air above the wings moves faster so it is at a lower pressure than the air under the wings
       The air under the wings moves more slowly and is slightly squashed so it is at a higher pressure than the air above the wings.

  1. A plane stays up in the air because …..
A.    the streamlined shape of the plane lets the air flow
B.     the air under the wings moves slowly
C.     there is a pressure under the wings
D.    it moves forward the sky
E.     it has a strong engine

  1. The plane will ….. the earth very fast if the engine fails to run.
A.    move down
B.     fall down
C.     jump off
D.    decrease
E.     drop on

  1. “Moving forward keeps a stream of moving air passing over the wings.”
This is used to …..
A.    avoid the engine to fail
B.     keep the engine run well
C.     make the wings move faster
D.    make the plane stay up in the air
E.     move the air under the wings slowly

This text is for questions 19 to 21

Gold is precious metal. Gold is used as ornaments or as money.
Gold is found in many places, but in a small supply. It is often found on the surface of the earth. Since gold is a heavy substance, it is sometimes found on the bottom of rivers. The gold is found together with sand and rocks, and must be separated from them. It is simple to search for this type of gold.
It is not usually necessary to drill for the gold. But when a layer of gold is located deep below the surface of the earth, it is possible to drill a hole into the ground. Engineers have developed modern processes for removing gold from rocks.
Since gold is not very hard, it is sometimes melted and added to other substances for making rings, coins, and art objects. It will be priced forever because it is beautiful, rare and useful.

  1. The best title of the text above is …..
A.    Gold
B.     Type of gold
C.     Previous metal
D.    Rare ornaments
E.     Removing gold from rocks

  1. The following are associated with gold, EXCEPT …..
A.    useful
B.     precious
C.     beautiful
D.    expensive
E.     unnecessary

  1. It will be priced forever because ….. (par.4)
The underlined word means …..
A.    valuable
B.     worthless
C.     interesting
D.    wonderful
E.     eye catching

This text is for questions …    

Have you ever seen how some people run a business office? There are some professions that have very important roles in business activities. These professions are related to each other in an organization. The professions discussed here are banker, accountant and secretary.
A banker is a person who conducts banking. He may be the owner of a bank or he can be the member of the board of directors who operates the bank. Bankers give loan to business office, firms, and factories to operate or expand their business.
An accountant is a person who has charge of the accounts of a company. He is the one who records, keeps financial accounts and makes financial statements. He plays an important role to make the firm remain in good financial condition.
A secretary is someone who keeps records, handles correspondence, or does the administration for an organization or person. The secretary is, therefore, concern with any business that the firm undertakes. The secretary must be qualified and able to speak English fluently. There are certain types of duties that the secretary is responsible of such as making appointments, receiving orders, making reservations for the manager, sending letters of congratulations or condolence, sending invitation etc. she also makes an agenda for the manager. An office usually has more than one secretary who is always busy doing their duties.

  1. What is the topic of the second paragraph?
  1. How a banker gives credits.
  2. The financial system of a bank.
  3. The job description of a banker.
  4. A banking business as a company.
  5. The boards of directors.

  1. An accountant who works unprofessionally will ….
  1. bring big benefit for the company
  2. improve the book keeping of the business
  3. harm the financial management of the firm
  4. help the manager plan his expenditure
  5. complete his work properly

  1. The main idea of the fourth paragraph is ….
  1. The office can hire two secretaries
  2. A secretary should prepare the manager’s agenda
  3. The manager should help the secretary complete her job
  4. English is not so important for a private secretary
  5. A secretary often makes appointment with the manager

  1. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
  1. A manager should follow whatever his secretary says.
  2. An accountant must deal with the finance of the firm.
  3. Most banks deal with receipt and transmission of money.
  4. A professional banker is needed to run money business.
  5. A good secretary should master English.

  1. He plays an important role to make the firm remain in good financial condition. (p.3)
The underlined word means ….
  1. administrative details of a firm
  2. any credits taken from banks
  3. loan procedures in a bank
  4. line of jobs in an office
  5. monetary position

  1. The secretary is, therefore, concern with any business that the firm undertakes.(p.4)
The synonym of the underlined word is ….
  1. inspect
  2. holds
  3. observes
  4. tries
  5. performs


The Banking system
A bank is an institution with a twofold function. First, it keeps people’s money safe and readily available. In this way it functions as a saving bank. Secondly, it lends money to people who need it. It is also, therefore, a money lender.
Anyone can go to any bank and deposit money, that is, ask the bank to look after it. He becomes the customer of the bank. When he deposits money, we say he opens a bank account. There are two types of bank accounts. The first is a current account. When a customer deposits money on a current account, he can make withdrawals by means of a check. No interest is paid on this type of account.
The other type of account is a time deposit. On this type of account the customer can deposit his money for a special period of time. He can withdraw the money only at the maturity date. Interest is paid for this type of account.
A bank receives deposits from customers, as well as lends money to its customers.
A person who wants to borrow money has to give the bank something as collateral for instance, a certificate showing ownership of property.
When a customer has a bank loan, the bank charges him interest ion the money he has borrowed. The bank does not always give the borrower actual money. It may credit his account with the amount borrowed, exactly as if he had deposited that amount at the bank.

28.  When do you become a customer of a bank?
a.    When we open an account in a bank.
b.   When we want the bank to pay interest
c.    At the time we withdraw our money.
d.   When we sign a written order called cheque.
e.    If the bank receives our security.

29.  The fourth paragraph tells about ….
a.    how to deposit money
b.   how to withdraw money
c.    how to get a bank loan
d.   how to be a customer of a bank
e.    how to receive cash

30.  Which sentence is TRUE according to the text?
a.    The bank pays nothing on the money we deposit
b.   The bank can also functions as a money lender.
c.    The bank charges you interest for the money you borrowed.
d.     At the end of an agreed term, the bank will not return your money.
e.    A customer does not have to sign a cheque.

31.  Paragraph 2 is about ….
a.    the types of bank accounts
b.   the importance of saving money in a bank
c.    the repayment of the money by the bank
d.   the importance of a written order called cheque
e.    the explanation about how to deposit our money.

32.  “…….he can make withdrawals by means of …..” (p.2)
     The underlined word means ….
a.    receive loans
b.    write cheques
c.    deposit money
d.   get cash
e.    c. pay interest
33.  A person who wants to borrow money has to give the bank something as collateral. (p.4)
     The word collateral means ….
a.    fee for borrowing from the bank
b.   protection against the bank
c.    guarantee for the payment of the loan
d.   dispensation for repayment of the loan
e.    recommendation for obtaining a loan


Text is for numbers …

Why do people act differently when they are angry? Psychologists say there are personal and cultural differences. In many countries, most people never raise their voices. Family members and friends always speak to each other quietly and politely. In other cultures, people enjoy lively and sometimes loud discussions of politics, sports, and other topics. They also express their feelings freely, kissing, hugging, and yelling at each other in public.
What do you think happens when people from different cultures get together? Joanna’s family is very quiet. They never yell at each other. She never saw her parents fight with each other. When Joanna is angry, she goes to another room or place until she calms down. She recently married Henry. Henry’s family is very different. They love to argue about everything! When they angry, they yell. When they are happy, they sing and dance. When they love someone, they love someone, they hug and kiss them.
Do you think Joanna and Henry are going to have problems in their marriage?

34.  The purpose of the text is to  ….
  1. describe Joanna’s family to readers
  2. describe Henry’s family to readers
  3. entertain the reader with the story
  4. present two point of view about the raise of fuel price
  5. explain to readers why people act differently when they are angry

35.  How do people who love quiet speak?
a.       Loudly
b.      Politely          
c.       Yelling
d.      Discussing      
e.       Expressing

36.  What will Joanna do when she is angry?
a.       Shaking hands
b.      Yelling each other
c.       Hugging with her mother.
d.      Going to another place until calm down.
e.       Discussing her problem with her parents

37.  When they are happy, they sing and dance. This sentence means that …
a.       They will be happy, sing and dance.
b.      They are happy if they sing and dance.
c.       They sing and dance because they are happy.
d.      They are happy so they sing and dance.
e.       They will sing and dance when they are happy.

This text is for questions …
           
      The sense of taste is one of a person’s five senses. We taste with the help of taste-buds in the tongue.
      There are four main kinds of taste: sweet, sour, salty, ad bitter. All other tastes are just mixtures of two or more of these main types.
      The surface of the tongue has more than fifteen thousand taste-buds (or cells). These are connected to the brain by special nerves which send the so-called ‘tastes messages’.
      When the tongue comes into contact with food or any kind, the taste-buds will pick up the taste. The nerves then send a message to the brain. This will make us aware of the taste. All this happens in just a few seconds.
      There are four kinds of taste-buds, each of which is sensitive to only a particular taste. These four groups are located in different parts of the tongue.
      The taste-buds for salty and sweet tastes are found round the tip of the tongue and along its sides. Sour tastes can be picked up only at the sides of the tongue. The taste-buds for the bitter taste are found at the inner most edge of the tongue. There are taste-buds at the centre of the tongue.
      The senses of smell and sight can affect taste. The good smell of food increase its taste. Similarly, attractive colors can make food appear tastier and more delicious. If food does not smell good or is dull-colored, it will look tasty and may not taste good at all.
      Very hot or cold sensations can make the taste-buds insensitive. Food that is too hot or too cold, when placed in the mouth, will have no tastes at all.

38.  We can taste any kind of food because of ….
a.       the good smell of food
b.      the four main kinds of taste
c.       the taste-buds in the tongue.
d.      the senses of smell and sight
e.       the taste-buds round the tip of the tongue.

39.  When we eat very hot or cold food, …
a.       the food will lose its taste
b.      the food won’t smell good
c.       the taste of the food increases
d.      the taste-buds will be sensitive
e.       the taste-buds will be very responsive

40.  The senses of smell and sight ….
a.       increase the taste of the food
b.      affect the taste of the food
c.       make food more delicious
d.      make the food look good
e.       Make the food attractive.

41.  The purpose of the text is ….
a.       to explain how we can taste any food in the mouth
b.      to give a report about the sense of taste
c.       to inform how important the tongue is
d.      to describe the use of the tongue
e.       to tell the taste of the food

This text is for questions 35 to 37

What causes weather?
Weather is the physical condition of the atmosphere at a particular time. It includes temperature, air pressure, and water content.
Weather is produced when air moves from place to place. This moving air is known as wind. Winds are formed when the cooler air moves in to replace the rising warm air. Warm air is usually less dense than cool air; therefore, it creates low air pressure. Cool air is more dense and create high air pressure.
Usually we have fine weather when the air pressure is high and there are clouds, rain and snow when the air pressure drops.

  1. What does the text explain?
a.       Moving air
b.      Air pressure
c.       Low air pressure
d.      Types of weather
e.       The formation of weather
  1. “Warm air is usually less dense than cool air …” (par.2)
The underlined word has the opposite meaning to …
a.       thin
b.      solid
c.       thick
d.      heavy
e.       compact
  1. The second paragraph mainly tells that …
a.       warm and cool air create air pressure
b.      winds are caused by warm air rising
c.       weather is produced by moving air
d.      the air that moves from place to place
e.       the moving air is called wind


Be happy! You can be healthy


Be happy! You can be healthy
                                               Oleh: MaskatnoGiri
            Adakah  hubungan antara  kesehatan jiwa dengan kebugaran fisik?. Juga adakah hubungan sakit dengan jiwa negatif? 
            Jelas ada. Jiwa yang sehat sangat berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan badan atau fisik. Menurut  para peneliti  kesehatan jiwa  menyatakan bahwa  vitalitas emosi (baca: emosi positif) yang mencakup rasa antusias, berpengharapan dan berprasangka baik (khusnudzan), kegairahan dalam hidup (optimisme) dan kemampuan menghadapi tekanan kehidupan (ketangguhan) terbukti menurunnya risiko penyakit jantung koroner. Efek protektifnya amat nyata dan dapat diukur, kendati sudah memperhitungkan variabel perilaku, seperti tidak merokok dan melakukan olah raga secara teratur.
            Demikian juga jiwa negatif memancarkan emosi  negatif. Ciri-ciri seseorang yang memiliki emosi negatif  antara lain bersemayamnya  perasaan  iri, dengki, dendam, minder,  kemarahan, ketakutan, kekerasan, ketidaksabaran, kecemasan, kesedihan, prasangka buruk, kesombongan dsb. Perasaan-perasaan dari emosi negatif akan mempengaruhi kerja organ-organ tubuh. Ahli kesehatan Michael Blumenfield (2006) yang disampaikan ulang oleh  psikiater sosial dr. Nalini Muhdi SPKJ dari Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga, (http://www.kompas.com 2 Februari 2011), menyatakan bahwa sudah banyak kepustakaan dan publikasi ilmiah tentang kaitan antara emosi negatif dan kesehatan.
            Masih  menurut Michael  Blumenfield  bahwa  stress  dapat  meningkatkan  kadar    C-reactive protein (CRP) dalam aliran darah yang berkiatan dengan inflamasi atau penggumpalan atau koagulasi darah. Amarah selain meningkatkan tekanan darah juga diidentifikasi sebagai salah satu pemicu yang paling lazim dan paling menentukan bagi munculnya myocardial ischemia (berkurangnya suplai darah ke otot jantung) dalam aktivitas harian.
            Demikian juga rasa waswas yang kronis dapat memengaruhi sistem biologi dalam tubuh sehingga menjadi pemicu banyak  penyakit seperti, stroke, maag, diabetes dsb. Seseorang  yang mengalami was-was serius  terbukti cenderung mengalami peningkatan kadar kolesterol dan gula darah. Bukti ilmiah yang disampaikan dr Nalini menyatakan bahwa   pasien yang menghadapi operasi besar yang tegang dan cemas  membawa dampak munculnya  penyakit yang lain.
Pingin sehat dalam jangka panjang?
 Mari kita miliki modal gratis menuju sehat.
Modal tersebut  adalah  TAQWA,  ini merupakan akronim  dari Taqarrub, Qona’ah,  dan Wara’.
            Taqarrub. Istilah taqarrub berasal dari nash-nash syara' yang membicarakan upaya pendekatan diri kepada Allah S.W.T. Ada  hadis qudsi dari Nabi sholallohu 'alaihi wasallam bahwa Allah berfirman,"Tidaklah hamba-Ku mendekatkan diri kepada-Ku dengan sesuatu yang lebih aku cintai daripada melaksanakan apa yang Aku wajibkan kepadanya, dan tidaklah hamba-Ku terus mendekatkan diri kepada-Ku dengan nafilah-nafilah (nawafil) hingga aku mencintainya." (HR Bukhari & Muslim). Dari frase "mendekatkan diri kepada-Ku"  inilah kemudian lahir istilah taqarrub. Doa dan dzikir merupakan upaya dekat dengan Allah S.W.T., prasangka baik kita kepadaNya akan menghantarkan kita unuk memiliki jiwa yang bersih yang senantiasa diberi cahaya dari Allah S.W.T.
            QANA’AH.  Istilah Qana’ah mengandung pengertian merasa cukup dengan yang ada dan cukup atas pemberian rizki atau nikmat dari Allah s.w.t. Lawan dari Qana,ah adalah Tamak. Hendaknya setiap muslim selalu menghiasi diri dengan sikap qana’ah (menerima apa adanya yang diberikan oleh Allah Ta’ala).
            Mengenai  sikap qana’ah, dalam Shahih Muslim dan yang lainnya, dari Amr bin Al-Ash Radhiyallahu ‘Anhu, Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam bersabda:
            “Beruntunglah orang yang memasrahkan diri, dilimpahi rizki yang sekedar mencukupi dan diberi kepuasan oleh Allah terhadap apa yang diberikan kepadanya.” (Diriwayatkan Muslim, At Tirmidzi,  dan Ahmad ).
            Dengan memiliki sifat qana’ah akan mendidik jiwa manusia senantiasa tenteram dan syukur  atas pemberian Allah s.w.t.
            WARA’. Istilah wara’ mengandung pengertian menjaga diri atau sikap hati-hati dari hal yang syubhat dan meninggalkan yang haram. Lawan dari Wara’ adalah syubhat yg berarti tidak jelas apakah hal tersebut halal atau haram.
            "Sesungguhnya yang halal itu jelas & yg haram itu jelas. Di antara keduanya ada yg syubhat, manusia tidak banyak mengetahui. Siapa yg menjaga dari syubhat, maka selamatlah agama & kehormatannya. Dan siapa yang jatuh pada syubhat, maka jatuh pada yg haram." (HR Bukhari & Muslim). "Sesungguhnya yang halal itu jelas & yg haram itu jelas. Di antara keduanya ada yg syubhat, manusia tidak banyak mengetahui. Siapa yang menjaga dari syubhat, maka selamatlah agama & kehormatannya. Dan siapa yang jatuh pada syubhat, maka jatuh pada yg haram." (HR Bukhari & Muslim).
            Dengan memiliki sifat wara’, manusia dididik untuk selalu berhati-hati dalam segala aspek kehidupan.
            Uraian sederhana  mengenai kesehatan jiwa di atas setidak-tidaknya berperan membantu kita menuju kehidupan yang lebih bermakna, sejahtera, sehat lahir batin. Allahu a'lamu bishawaf