Salah satu penggunaan V1+ ing dan V3 dalam bahasa Inggris dibahas dalam Present Participle dan Past participle.
Present Participle ( V1 ing) adalah bentuk kata kerja pertama
ditambahkan –ing (V1 + ing) yang bisa berfungsi sebagai adjective/adverb.
Sebagai adjectives/kata sifat berarti sebagai penjelas kata benda. Sedangkan
berfungsi sebagai adverb maka present participle berperan sebagai penjelas
kalimat.
Past participle (V3)adalah bentuk kata kerja ketiga (V3) yang juga
berfungsi sebagai adjective dan adverb—sama halnya dengan Present Participle.
PRESENT PARTICIPLE ( V ing ) untuk kalimat aktif, sehingga disebut
juga Active Participle.
a. Reduced Adjective Clause
(Penyingkatan pada Adjective Clause)
Noun V ing …. = Noun
who/which V1 s/es
=
Noun who/which V2
=
Noun who/which to be + V ing
Contoh:
1. The woman standing under the tree are looking at me = The woman who is
standing…..
2. I know the man stealing my money yesterday = ….The man who stole …
3. The water consisting of Hydrogen and Oxygen is very important = The
water which consists….
b. Reduced Specific Adverbial
Clause (Penyingkatan pada Adverbial Clause tertentu)
Penyingkatan di sini dapat terjadi hanya dengan syarat bahwa Subjek
pada adverbial clause = Subjek pada main clause
V ing…, S1 V =
When/While S1 V…, S1
V
=
Because/since/as/for S1 V…, S1
V
Contoh:
While Rina was waiting for the bus, Rina read newspaper
(=
waiting for the bus, Rina read newspaper)
Because I love you so much, I give everything you want.
( = Loving you so
much, I give everything you want)
Because Mr. Is9ni is clever, He has many fans in this class.
( = Being clever,
Mr. Is9ni has many fans in this class)
Having V3…., S1 V =
After S1 have/has V3, S1
V1s/es
= After S1 had V3, S1 V2
Contoh:
After I had eaten, I studied English.
(= Having eaten, I studied English)
After we had come to an agreement, we signed the MoU.
(=Having come to an agreement, we signed the MoU)
After the students had completed the test, they handed in their papers
and left the room.
(= Having completed
the test, they handed in their papers and left the room.)
PAST PARTICIPLE ( V 3 ) untuk kalimat pasif, sehingga disebut juga
Passive Participle.
a. Reduced Adjective Clause
(Penyingkatan pada Adjective Clause)
Noun V3 ….= Noun
who/which to be V3….
Contoh:
1. A truck which was loaded with vegetables hit a tree = A truck
loaded….
2. The window which was broken by Edy has not been repaired yet. = The
window broken by…
3. I know the man who was caught by the police. = …..the man caught
by….
b. Reduced Specific Adverbial
Clause (Penyingkatan pada Adverbial Clause tertentu)
Penyingkatan di sini dapat terjadi hanya dengan syarat bahwa Subjek
pada adverbial clause = Subjek pada main clause
V3…, S1 V =
When/While S1 to be V3…, S1
V
= Because/since/as/for S1 to
be V3…, S1 V
Contoh:
When she was sent a flower by her boyfriend, Shella felt very excited
(= sent a flower by
her boyfriend, Shella felt very excited)
Because Adi was n’t given much money, he was very disappointed.
( = Not given much money, Adi was very disappointed.)
As it is surrounded by mountains, the city has a cool climate .
( = surrounded by
mountains, the city has a cool climate.)
Having Been V3…., S1 V
= After S1 have/has been V3,
S1 V1s/es
= After S1 had
been V3, S1 V2
Contoh:
After I had been told about
what happened, I knew that it’s not her mistake.
(= Having been told about what happened, I knew that it’s not her
mistake)
He decided to give up fighting after he had been defeated three times
in a row.
(= Having been defeated three times in a row, he decided to give up
fighting)
Sumber referensi:
Belajarbahasa inggris net
nurmanali.blogspot.
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