BELAJAR KALIMAT PASIF DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

Belajar Passive Voice

Welcome to the English Lesson! Mari kita mau belajar tentang Passive Voice atau dalam Bahasa Indonesianya kalimat pasif. Kalau Bahasa Indonesia mudah aja ya buat kalmat pasif. Misalnya :

Aktif:  Adiku minum susu tadi malam.        Pasif : Susu diminum oleh Adikku tadi malam.
1. How do we use the Passive Voice?

We only use the passive when we are interested in the object or when we do not know who caused the action. We can only form a passive sentence from an active sentence when there is an object in the active sentence. (Kita menggunakan kalimat pasif hanya jika kita lebih tertarik pada "si penderita" kegiatan tersebut atau saat kita tidak tahu siapa subyek pelaku kegiatan itu).

2. How do we form the Passive Voice?
The main formula for passive voice is:
TO BE + V3
(Kita membentuk Passive voice utamanya dengan menambahkan bentuk To be dengan bentuk kata kerja ketiga)
How to form a passive sentence from an active sentence:
- object of the "active" sentence becomes subject in the "passive" sentence
- subject of the "active" sentence becomes "object" in the "passive" sentence" (or is left out)
Take a look at the following example!

Active : Peter builds a house.   S- V- O
Passive : A house is built by Peter S -V -O
(Cara membentuk Passive voice : Objek kalimat aktif diubah menjadi subyek dalam kalimat pasif, sedang kata kerjanya mengikuti perubahan dengan pola to be + v31. Terus, subyek dalam kalimat aktif diubah menjadi obyek dalam kalimat pasif, atau bisa juga dihilangkan.

3. Passive with By.

We are normally not interested in the "doer" of an action in a passive sentence. When we want to mention the "doer", we use the preposition by. The whole phrase is called by-agent in English.(Kita sih biasanya nggak terlalu ingin menyebutkan pelaku kegiatan dalam kalimat pasif, tapi kalau kita ingin menyebutkan pelakunya, kita tinggal menambahkan "by" sebelum objek kalimat pasifnya)Example :

Active sentence : Mr Brown built the house.

Passive sentence : The house was built by Mr Brown

4. Passive without by
When we do not know, who was the "doer" of the action, we use someone or somebody in the active sentence. We leave out these words in the passive sentence. (Ketika kita tidak tahu siapa pelaku kegiatan itu kita bisa menghilangkannya)
Example :
Active sentence : Someone stole my bike
Passive sentence : My bike was stolen

5. Passive in various tenses
Nah, karena dalam Bahasa Inggris ada banyak tentses, maka untuk mengubah dari aktif ke pasif pun ada banyak polanya tergantung tenses. Tapi, yang perlu diingat, pasti semuanya memakai pola utama be + V3. Perhatikan tabel beriku ini baik - baik. Ok, cukup segini dulu, kal onanti masih ada yang mau ditanyakan, tanya aja lewat comment! Ok. Gbu.

No	Tenses	Active	Passive
1	Simple Present	Peter builds a house.	A house is built by Peter
2	Simple Past	Peter built a house	A house was built by Peter.
3	Present Perfect	Peter has built a house	A house has been built by Peter
4	will-future	Peter will build a house	A house will be built by Peter.
5	going to-future	Peter is going to build a house in summer.	A house is going to be built in summer by Peter.
6	Present Continuous	Peter is building a house now	A house is being built by Peter now.
7	Past Continuous	Peter was building a house	A house was being built by Peter
8	Sentences with Modals	Peter must build a house	A house must be built by Peter

Why am I so happy? Ya, I try to be grateful. Also I must remember the advice of my teacher, Here are 60 points to be happy for my life:

Why am I so happy?  Ya, I try to be grateful. Also I must  remember the advice of  my teacher,

Here are 60  points to be happy for my life:

1)      Your faith to Allah-For giving your safety for a long term

2)      Your parents - For giving birth to you. Because if there is no them, there will not be you.

3)       Your family – For being your closest kin in the world

4)       Your friends – For being your companions in life

5)       Sense of sight – For letting you see the colors of life

6)       Sense of hearing - For letting you hear trickle of rain, the voices of your loved ones, and the harmonious chords of music

7)       Sense of touch - For letting you feel the texture of your clothes, the breeze of the wind, the hands of your loved ones

8)       Sense of smell – For letting you smell scented candles, perfumes, and beautiful flowers in your garden

9)       Sense of taste – For letting you savor the sweetness of fruits, the saltiness of seawater, the sourness of pickles, the bitterness of bitter gourd, and the spiciness of chilli

10)  Your speech – For giving you the outlet to express yourself

11)   Your heart – For pumping blood to all the parts of your body every second since you were born; for giving you the ability to feel

12)  Your lungs – For letting you breathe so you can live

13)   Your immune system – For fighting viruses that enter your body. For keeping you in the pink of your health so you can do the things you love.

14)   Your hands – So you can type on your computer, flip the pages of books, and hold the hands of your loved ones

15)   Your legs - For letting you walk, run, swim, play the sports you love, and curl up in the comfort of your seat

16)  Your mind - For the ability to think, to store memories, and to create new solutions

17)   Your good health – For enabling you to do what you want to do and for what you’re about to do in the future

18)   Your school - For providing a environment conducive to learning and growing

19)  Your teachers – For their dedication and for passing down knowledge to you

20)  Tears – For helping you express your deepest emotions

21)  Disappointment - So you know the things that matter to you most

22)  Fears – So you know your opportunities for growth

23)  Pain – For you to become a stronger person

24)  Sadness – For you to appreciate the spectrum of human emotions

25)  Happiness – For you to soak in the beauty of life

26)  The Sun - For bringing in light and beauty to this world

27)  Sunset – For a beautiful sight to end the day

28)  Moon and Stars - For brightening up our night sky

29)  Sunrise - For a beautiful sight to start the morning

30)   Rain – For cooling you when it gets too warm and for making it comfy to sleep in on weekends

31)   Water – For making for land even more beautiful

32)  Rainbows – For a beautiful sight to look forward to after rain

33)   Oxygen - For making life possible

34)  The earth – For creating the environment for life to begin

35)   Mother nature - For covering our world in beauty

36)  Animals – For adding to the diversity of life

37)   Internet - For connecting you and me despite the physical space between us

38)   Transport - For making it easier to commute from one place to another

39)   Mobile phones – For making it easy to stay in touch with others

40)  Computers – For making our lives more effective and efficient

41)   Technology – For making impossible things possible

42)   Movies – For providing a source of entertainment

43)   Books – For adding wisdom into your life

44)   Shoes – For protecting your feet when you are out

45)  Time – For a system to organize yourself and keep track of activities

46)  Your job – For giving you a source of living and for being a medium where you can add value to the world

47)   Your bed - For you to sleep comfortably in every night

48)  Your home - For a place you can call home

49)  Your soul mate – For being the one who understands everything you’re going through

50)  Your best friends – For being there for you whenever you need them

51)   Your enemies – For helping you uncover your blind spots so you can become a better person

52)  Kind strangers – For brightening up your days when you least expect it

53)  Your mistakes - For helping you to improve and become better

54)  Heartbreaks - For helping you mature and become a better person

55)  Laughter - For serenading your life with joy

56)   Love - For letting you feel what it means to truly be alive

57)  Life’s challenges - For helping you grow and become who you are

58)   Life - For giving you the chance to experience all that you’re experiencing, and will be experiencing in time to come

59)  Positive eagerness-For giving your a brilliant future will come true

60)  You. For being who you are and touching the world with your presence. For being alive and reading this post. For giving me the chance to touch your life and fulfill my purpose to help others. You are the reason I live. Thank you.

PARAGRAF YANG EFEKTIF

Ditulis kembali dari penulis aslinya Arief Furchan

Pendahuluan     Menulis (jawaban ujian tertulis, makalah, buku, atau surat) adalah bentuk-bentuk komunikasi tertulis yang berbeda dari komunikasi lisan tatap muka.  Kominikasi tertulis ini lebih rumit karena si komuikator tidak bertatap muka langsung dengan fihak yang diajak berkomunikasi. bahkan keduanya bisa terpisah oleh waktu berabad-abad (sebagai contoh, karya Ibnu Sina).               Karena itu, setiap orang yang ingin mengomunikasikan gagasan (isi fikiran) nya secara tertulis perlu memiliki ketrampilan menulis yang efektif.  Dengan demikian, dia dapat menyampaikan gagasannya secara jelas sehingga tidak menimbulkan kesalahfahaman. Dalam komunikasi lisan, pendengar bisa bertanya kepada pembicara apabila dia kurang memahami apa yang dimaksud pembicara.  Hal ini sulit dilakukan dalam komunikasi tertulis.            Unsur dasar dalam komunikasi tertulis adalah paragraf.  Kalau setiap paragraf itu secara internal efektif dan disusun secara efektif pula, maka karangan tertulis tersebut akan efektif pula.  Demikian pula sebaliknya. Bagian-bagian suatu paragraf         Paragraf adalah sekumpulan kalimat yang saling terkait satu sama lain.  Paragraf yang efektif hanya mempunyai satu fokus, yaitu topik yang akan dibicarakan dalam paragraf tersebut.           Para penulis yang baik selalu mengemukakan gagasan atau isi fikirannya secara jelas dan teratur.  Mereka selalu mempunyai satu fokus yang jelas dalam setiap paragrafnya.   Dalam teori mengarang, kalimat yang berisi fokus paragraf itu disebut kalimat topik.Suatu paragraf yang baik terdiri atas tiga bagian: kalimat topik, kalimat pendukung, dan kalimat penutup.Kalimat topik            Dalam tulisan akademis, kalimat topik ini biasanya ditempatkan di bagian awal paragraf.  Ini dimaksudkan untuk menarik perhatian dan memudahkan pembaca memahami apa isi atau fokus paragraf itu.  Tentu saja penulis bebas menempatkan kalimat topik itu di mana saja, di tengah atau di akhir paragraf, bahkas secara tersirat sekalipun (terutama dalam karya sastra).     Fungsi pokok kalimat topik ini adalah untuk memperkenalkan topik yang akan dibicarakan dalam paragraf tersebut.  Dengan demikian, pembaca secara mental siap atau memiliki antisipasi untuk menghadapi pembahasan dalam paragraf tersebut.     Untuk menulis kalimat topik yang efektif, Anda harus merangkum secara mental apa isi paragraf yang akan Anda tulis itu.  Kemudian Anda tulis kalimat yang secara jelas menunjukkan isi paragraf itu kepada pembaca. Contoh: Ada dua alasan mengapa Indonesia dapat dikatakan sebagai salah satu negara terindah di dunia.       Kalimat ini secara jelas menunjukkan bahwa paragraf tersebut akan membicarakan dua alasan mengapa Indonesia bisa disebut sebagai salah satu negara terindah di dunia.  Kalimat topik dapat dibagi menjadi dua bagian: bagian topik dan bagian pengendali. Kata-kata ‘dua alasan’ itu disebut sebagai topiknya sementara kata-kata ‘terindah di dunia’ disebut sebagai pengendalinya (controlling idea).  Bagian pengendali ini berfungsi untuk mengendalikan pembahasan agar tidak melantur ke mana-mana.  Artinya ‘alasan’ itu terkait dengan ‘keindahannya’ bukan yang lain (misalnya tentang sistem politiknya, ekonominya, dan sebagainya). Kalimat pendukung Kalimat topik yang diletakkan di awal paragraf biasanya diikuti oleh beberapa kalimat pendukung yang berfungsi untuk mengembangkan atau mendukung pernyataan yang dikemukakan dalam kalimat topik tersebut.  Pengembangan atau dukungan ini bisa berupa fakta, contoh, atau rincian. Contoh: Ada dua alasan mengapa Indonesia dapat dikatakan sebagai salah satu negara terindah di dunia.  Pertama, Indonesia mempunyai alam yang indah.  Di seluruh wilayah Indonesia dapat kita temui lembah, gunung, dan pantai yang menawan.  Ke dua, Indonesia juga terkenal karena keindahan keragaman budayanya.  Indonesia memiliki beragam suku bangsa dan agama yang masing-masing mempunyai budaya sendiri-sendiri,     Kalimat ke dua sampai ke lima dalam paragraf di atas memberi penjelasan atau bukti pendukung bagi dua alasan keindahan Indonesia yang telah dikemukakan dalam kalimat topik. Kalimat penutup  Bagian terkahir paragraf adalah kalimat penutup.  Seperti namanya, kalimat ini berfungsi untuk mengakhiri atau menutup pembahasan dalam paragraf tersebut.  Kalimat penuup ini biasanya menjadi kalimat terakhir dalam paragraf.        Kalimat penutup ini berfungsi untuk menekankan kembali isi pokok paragraf tersebut.  Dalam paragraf yang panjang, kalimat penutup ini penting sekali karena kalimat tersebut mengingatkan pembaca akan apa isi pokok paragraf yang baru saja dibacanya.     Dalam menulis kalimat penutup ini, usahakan mengemukakan kembali isi pokok paragraf dengan susunan kata yang berbeda dari susunan kata dalam kalimat topik.  Hal ini dimaksudkan agar tidak membosankan pembaca karena membaca susunan kata yag sama berulang-ulang. Cpntoh: Ada dua alasan mengapa Indonesia dapat dikatakan sebagai salah satu negara terindah di dunia.  Pertama, Indonesia mempunyai alam yang indah.  Di seluruh wilayah Indonesia dapat kita temui lembah, gunung, dan pantai yang menawan.  Ke dua, Indonesia juga terkenal karena keindahan keragaman budayanya.  Indonesia memiliki beragam suku bangsa dan agama yang masing-masing mempunyai budaya sendiri-sendiri, Dua hal itulah yang membuat Indonesia dikenal sebagai salah satu dari negara terindah di dunia. Penutup     Kalau Anda perhatikan contoh paragraf di atas, akan Anda lihat bahwa tidak ada kalimat dalam paragraf itu yang tidak relevan.  Semuanya terkait satu sama lain dan menjalankan fungsinya untuk mendukung kalimat topik.  Itulah yang menjadikan paragraf tersebut efektif. Wallahu a’lam bissawab.

Ya Allah I have  difficulties  in  teaching and learning my students, because most of my students belong to unmotivated students. I don't know why, but  in my mind, they are wrongly educated. Perhaps  they from uneducated family.
Frankly speaking, sometimes I feel bored with bad students, because my energy is  strongly forced  to handle my students. I must learn more in order to be wiser, smarter and skilful.

Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct Speech / Quoted Speech

Saying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech (sometimes called quoted speech)

Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.

For example:

She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations."

or

"Today's lesson is on presentations," she said.

Indirect Speech / Reported Speech

Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word.

When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.

For example:

Direct speech	Indirect speech
"I'm going to the cinema", he said.	He said he was going to the cinema.

Tense change

As a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense: (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right):

Direct speech		Indirect speech
Present simple She said, "It's cold."	›	Past simple She said it was cold.
Present continuous She said, "I'm teaching English online."	›	Past continuous She said she was teaching English online.
Present perfect simple She said, "I've been on the web since 1999."	›	Past perfect simple She said she had been on the web since 1999.
Present perfect continuous She said, "I've been teaching English for seven years."	›	Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching English for seven years.
Past simple She said, "I taught online yesterday."	›	Past perfect She said she had taught online yesterday.
Past continuous She said, "I was teaching earlier."	›	Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching earlier.
Past perfect She said, "The lesson had already started when he arrived."	›	Past perfect NO CHANGE - She said the lesson had already started when he arrived.
Past perfect continuous She said, "I'd already been teaching for five minutes."	›	Past perfect continuous NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes.

Modal verb forms also sometimes change:

Direct speech		Indirect speech
will She said, "I'll teach English online tomorrow."	›	would She said she would teach English online tomorrow.
can She said, "I can teach English online."	›	could She said she could teach English online.
must She said, "I must have a computer to teach English online."	›	had to She said she had to have a computer to teach English online.
shall She said, "What shall we learn today?"	›	should She asked what we should learn today.
may She said, "May I open a new browser?"	›	might She asked if she might open a new browser.

!Note - There is no change to; could, would, should, might and ought to.

Direct speech	Indirect speech
"I might go to the cinema", he said.	He said he might go to the cinema.

You can use the present tense in reported speech if you want to say that something is still true i.e. my name has always been and will always be Lynne so:-

Direct speech	Indirect speech
"My name is Lynne", she said.	She said her name was Lynne. or She said her name is Lynne.

You can also use the present tense if you are talking about a future event.

Direct speech (exact quote)	Indirect speech (not exact)
"Next week's lesson is on reported speech ", she said.	She said next week's lesson is on reported speech.

Time change

If the reported sentence contains an expression of time, you must change it to fit in with the time of reporting.

For example we need to change words like here and yesterday if they have different meanings at the time and place of reporting.

Today	+ 24 hours - Indirect speech
"Today's lesson is on presentations."	She said yesterday's lesson was on presentations.

Expressions of time if reported on a different day
this (evening)	›	that (evening)
today	›	yesterday ...
these (days)	›	those (days)
now	›	then
(a week) ago	›	(a week) before
last weekend	›	the weekend before last / the previous weekend
here	›	there
next (week)	›	the following (week)
tomorrow	›	the next/following day

In addition if you report something that someone said in a different place to where you heard it you must change the place (here) to the place (there).

For example:-

At work	At home
"How long have you worked here?"	She asked me how long I'd worked there.

Pronoun change

In reported speech, the pronoun often changes.

For example:

Me	You
"I teach English online."	She said she teaches English online.

Reporting Verbs

Said, told and asked are the most common verbs used in indirect speech.

We use asked to report questions:-

For example: I asked Lynne what time the lesson started.

We use told with an object.

For example: Lynne told me she felt tired.

!Note - Here me is the object.

We usually use said without an object.

For example: Lynne said she was going to teach online.

If said is used with an object we must include to ;

For example: Lynne said to me that she'd never been to China.

!Note - We usually use told.

For example: Lynne told me that she'd never been to China.

There are many other verbs we can use apart from said, told and asked.

These include:-

accused, admitted, advised, alleged, agreed, apologised, begged, boasted, complained, denied, explained, implied, invited, offered, ordered, promised, replied, suggested and thought.

Using them properly can make what you say much more interesting and informative.

For example:

He asked me to come to the party:-

He invited me to the party.

He begged me to come to the party.

He ordered me to come to the party.

He advised me to come to the party.

He suggested I should come to the party.

Use of 'That' in reported speech

In reported speech, the word that is often used.

For example: He told me that he lived in Greenwich.

However, that is optional.

For example: He told me he lived in Greenwich.

!Note - That is never used in questions, instead we often use if.

For example: He asked me if I would come to the party.

After observing,understanding and thinking further, I have a simple answer of being happy as an English teacher in my work place, 1. I must have a good relationship with my friends and students 2. we must be responsible for my job. 3. We must able to show my achievement.

Reflective thinking for me as an English teacher

       Being a teacher is a hard work. I feel that teaching unmotivated st udents is harder. Even though I must be optimistic that the students are willing to be better, but the fact we are still confused how to make better.
        The end of solutions is that 1). we must learn, think deeply, think  reflectively to find  solving ways . 2. we must pray to Allah. I am sure that Allah is really capable to give solution. 3. As  a teacher must be a good example in a life, it means that the teacher must show and make sure that learning is promising thing to achieve better future